Toshiko Ueda (born August 14, 1917, died March 7, 2008) was a Japanese manga artist who helped shape the face of modern shojo manga. She wrote under three pen names: 上田としこ for manga, 上田とし子 when writing for newspapers, and later 上田トシコ, all three of which are read as Toshiko Ueda in English.

Toshiko was best known for her manga Fuichin-san, which won the 5th annual Japan Cartoonists Association Award for Excellence and the 1960 Shogakukan Manga Award. She was also recognized for "distinguished service" during the 100th Anniversary of the Japanese Copyright Act in 1999. She was one of the first female shojo artists at a time when the field was dominated by men.

Ueda spent her childhood until elementary school graduation in Harbin, Manchuria. She returned there in 1942 to work for the Manchuria Railroad offices and then the Harbin Daily Newspaper. At the end of World War II, she was held in dentention in Manchuria, during which time she drew manga to cheer up people from the war's aftermath. She apprenticed under Matsumoto Katsuji, recognized as one of the first shoujo manga artists, starting in 1935.